Have you ever seen pulses cleaned at home? Pulses sink down when put in a dish of water because they are weighty. Dirt, insects, little bits of straw, and other lighter pollutants, on the other hand, float to the top. After that, the water containing these pollutants is drained out and removed. Sedimentation and decantation are two procedures used in this process.

Definition of Sedimentation: Sedimentation is the process of isolating insoluble materials floating in a liqutopicId by letting them to settle down in a solution.

Sediments are the soltopicId particles that sink to the bottom during the sedimentation process.

Definition of Decantation: Decantation is the process of taking off the upper part of the solution, letting the sediments in their place (bottom in this case).

A supernatant is a solution that sits on top of the sediments.

Sedimentation and decantation may also be used to separate a sand and water combination.

Since sand is heavier than water, it settles down and is dumped into a different container.

Filtration:

Definition of Filtration: Filtration is the process of separating two substances (an insoluble soltopicId and a liqutopicId) by passing the combination or combined substances through a filtering apparatus.

In our houses, we often utilize filtration. After making tea, for example, we separate the tea leaves with a strainer. Filtration of fresh fruit juice is also used to eliminate pulp. SoltopicId contaminants may be present in water, which may be eliminated by filtering.

The insoluble material is trapped in the filtering unit while filtration takes place, while the liqutopicId goes through the holes in the filter. In order for the insoluble soltopicId particles to be maintained in the filtering device, they must be larger than the pores in the filtering device. A filter paper is a filtration device with very small holes.

Condensation: Condensation is the transformation of a gas into a liqutopicId. The opposite or inverse of the evaporation process is the condensation process. 

Water vapor in the air condenses to become dew, which is a liqutopicId form of water. Condensation occurs just when water vapor colltopicIdes with a cold surface.

Solute, Solvent, and Saturation 

When a little amount of salt is introduced to water and agitated, the salt dissolves. This occurs as a result of salt dissolving in the water.

What is dissolving?

Dissolving occurs when compounds totally dissolve in the solution they are introduced into.

Water does not dissolve all compounds. Salt is one of the few substances that is soluble in water. 

Soluble and Insoluble substances

Soluble compounds, such as sugar and salt, completely mix in water, unless water becomes saturated. 

Insoluble substances include elements like chalk and sand, that do not mix with water.

Definition of Solute and Solvent:

The solute is the material that dissolves, and the solvent is the material in which the solute dissolves. The combination of Solute and Solvent is referred to as the solution. 

Sugar + water, for example, equals sugar solution.

Saturation: 

What would happen after a certain amount of time if we continue putting teaspoons of sugar into water and keep stirring the solution? We'll see some sugar granules at the bottom of the container. This demonstrates that no further sugar can be dissolved. The solution has reached saturation, as the name implies.

Definition of saturated solution:

A saturated solution is one in which the solute can no longer be dissolved.

How to improve the saturation of a liqutopicId?

What would happen if the solution is heated? Is it possible to dissolve the 'additional' sugar in the saturated solution?

Yes, heating a solution may improve the solubility of a solute. A substance's solubility refers to its capacity to dissolve in a specific liqutopicId. In comparison to cold water, the amount of a material that can dissolve in hot water is substantially greater.

There are a few more aspects that contribute to a solute's solubility.

⦁ Stirring:  Take two glasses of water and add a teaspoon of sugar to each glass to demonstrate this. Then we leave one glass alone while stirring the other. When the solution is agitated, the sugar dissolves more quickly.

⦁ Powdered solute:  Take two glasses of water and put a full sugar cube in one and a powdery or broken sugar cube in the other to see what happens. Sugar that has been powdered dissolves first.

While creating a saturated solution, various compounds dissolve in different quantities of water.

FAQs:

Question 1: Name two water-soluble substances and two non-water-soluble substances?

Solution. Sugar and salt are both water-soluble substances. Sand and chalk powder are examples of insoluble substances in water.

Question 2: A salt-based solution in water is heated to saturation. Is it possible to add extra sugar to it?

Solution. A saturated solution has dissolved all of the solutes that it is capable of dissolving at a given temperature.

However, increasing the temperature increases the solubility of the solution, allowing it to dissolve more sugar.

Question 3: Is it possible to dissolve additional salt in a saturated salt in a water solution at a certain temperature?

Solution. In a saturated solution of salt in water at a certain temperature, no additional salt can be dissolved.

A saturated solution is one that has dissolved all of the solutes it has the capacity to dissolve. At a certain temperature, no additional solute can be dissolved in a saturated solution.

Question 4: Why can't you see distinct salt granules when they're dissolved in water?

Solution. Salt breaks down into smaller molecules when it dissolves in water. These smaller molecules are sandwiched among the water molecules, not visible to naked eyes.